Salut tout le monde, comme je ne mets pas de PUB et que je ne reçois que 60€ par semaine de mon tuteur (un peu fort radin), je vous encourage à me faire des dons sur mon compte IBAN: BE28 0019 2824 5620 afin de m'aider dans ma mission d'éclairer le monde et de tendre vers la PAIX. Et de vous préparer à la rencontre avec les Agarthiens !
En fonction du cash virtuel que vous me transférerez, je vous offrirai des pièces d'argent en échange provenant de mon trésor que j'ai accumulé depuis 2012 en cas de crash du système... plus d'info sur le pourquoi du comment de détenir de l'or et l'argent sur www.quotidien.com & www.kingworldnews.com & ma rubrique Financial Armageddon. N'oubliez pas l'hyperinflation de Weimar entre les 2 guerres !!! MERCI d'avance aux généreux donateurs qui seront récompensés en pièces d'argent metal le jour J...
Message canalisé par Geoffroy Coutellier après avoir fait des exercices de respirations de Wim Hof et que sa glande pinéale a secrété de la DMT endogène et ses récepeteurs CB1 et CB2 ont secreté des endocannabinoïdes endogènes pour entrer dans un état de conscience modifié :
La grande prophétie:
AVIS à la population de la Terre, votre monde est en danger ! Vous risquez de faire sauter des bombes atomiques qui risquent aussi de nous impacter. De plus, il est possible qu’une comète passe bientôt près de la terre et chamboule votre environnement. Nous sommes les Agarthiens et nous venons en paix. Nous sommes les habitants secrets de la même planète mais à l'intérieur et nous viendrons vous aider à la surface de la Terre avec des remèdes anciens et naturels et notre or et notre argent pour établir une nouvelle monnaie universelle et instaurer un revenu universel équitable pour tous. Nous viendrons avec du chanvre, de l'argent colloïdal et de l'or colloïdal, de la vitamine C liposomale, des ORMUS, de l'Ayahuasca, des champignons à psilocybine pour rétablir l'équilibre dans votre monde. Nous viendrons aussi avec nos soucoupes volantes et des tours à énergie libre comme a réinventé Nikola Tesla dans les années 1900 pour vous montrer de quoi nous sommes capables. Mais pour nous montrer que vous êtes conscient que nous sommes réel et que nous vivons bien à 1300 km sous votre surface depuis au moins le dernier déluge qui remonte à plus de 10000 ans, nous vous demandons de participer au futur parrainage de la North Pole Inner Earth Expedition et les 25 premières personnes qui payeront leur place à 25000€ pourront accompagner les 100 scientifiques de grandes universités d'Amerique qui ont déja payé leur place pour partir dès qu'il y aura la paix en Ukraine et que les Russes arrêtent la guerre. Car les Americains n'osent pas annoncer publiquement qu'ils vont devoir louer un brise glace nucléaire Russe pour partir au Pole Nord à la recherche de la dépression polaire à 87,7 latitude Nord, et 142,2 longitude Est.
Pour accélérer la prise de conscience générale du grand public veuillez encourager les jeunes à taguer partout ou ils le peuvent et à distribuer des tracts avec le slogan AGARTHA et NPIEE.COM for peace on earth.
Dès que la paix sera instaurée en Ukraine, les Américains feront une annonce officielle pour trouver des fonds et des participants et là ce sera peut-être trop tard pour la chance de votre vie de faire partie de la 1ere grande expédition à aller redécouvrir cette région magnifique et mysterieuse.
Dès que vous arriverez aux portes d'Agartha, nous vous apprendrons tout sur nos remèdes et la médecine psychédélique et nos technologies et nous vous expliqueront comment utiliser le chanvre pour faire presque tout les produits dérivés y compris des délicieux jus de chanvre frais non-psychoactif à moins de le transformer en soupe pour le décarboxyler et rendre les molécules de THC psychoactives. C'est un super remède contre les mauvaises ondes de votre monde, les effets secondaires de la pollution, les cancers et autres maladies et vos gouvernements vous l'a interdit car ils ont été manipulés par les Illuminatis qui agissent comme des parasites. Nous vous conseillons de vous renseigner sur les Illuminatis car c'est à cause d'eux que vous n'avez presque jamais entendu parler de l'argent colloïdal, de la vitamine C liposomale, des ORMUS, de la psilocybine, de l'Ayahuasca, des énergies libres, de Nikola Tesla et de l'Agartha.
Ils veulent que vous restiez esclave de l'argent dette et que vous ne soyez pas aux courants qu'il existe d'autres formes de vies dans l'univers et même sur votre propre planète. Tout cela pour garder le pouvoir illégitime du dollar. Mais vous risquez maintenant de revivre une grande hyperinflation à l'échelle mondiale qui sera pire que celle de Weimar entre les deux guerres.
Pour cela nous vous conseillons dès à présent de sortir votre épargne des banques et des produits financiers à la bourse pour les retransformer en monnaie réelle et historique comme les pièces d'or et d'argent qui conservent leur valeur et qui pourront être utilisées en Agartha pour troquer contres des choses utiles. De plus c'est avec de l'or qu'on peut fabriquer des ORMUS et c'est avec de l'argent qu'on peut fabriquer de l'argent colloïdal, un remède universel. Donc ne dite pas que l'or et l'argent ne se mange pas. Et bien SI comme vous pouvez le constater.
Et nous vous annonçons que bientôt votre monde passera dans la 5e dimension, c'est à dire que votre glande pinéale va commencer à fabriquer constamment de la DMT similaire à celle que l'on retrouve dans l'Ayahuasca. Cela va vous permettre de voir et de rentrer en contact avec les esprits jusque-là invisibles à vos yeux en 3e dimension. Cela pourra vous paraitre terrifiant au début mais on s'y habitue vite et il y a plus de bons esprits que de mauvais esprits donc soyez rassuré. Nous vous conseillons d'expérimenter une pipe en verre avec de la DMT pour vous habituer et vous préparer à rentrer dans la 5D permanent qui nous attend.
C’est pourquoi, afin de vous entrainer à rentrer en permanence dans la 5eme dimension, lorsque nous viendrons à la surface de la Terre, nous installerons des huttes de sudations avec des pierres chaudes sur lesquelles nous déposeront du chanvre, des plantes contenant de la DMT et des Amanita Muscaria séchées.
Car saviez-vous que dans JEAN 6 :51 lorsque Jésus dit : Je suis le pain vivant qui est descendu du ciel, si quelqu’un mange de ce pain il vivra éternellement, et le pain que je donnerai, c’est ma chair, que je donnerai pour la vie du monde, en fait, Jésus faisait une métaphore secrète avec le pain vivant comme étant le champignon sacré Amanita Muscaria. Mais les Illuminatis se sont arrangé pour vous faire peur de ce champignon car il est un peu toxique s’il n’est pas séché convenablement et les mystères de ce champignon font partie des secrets les mieux gardés du Vatican car ils veulent que vous restiez dépendant d’eux et que vous ne découvrez pas par vous-même les mystères de la vie et de la mort et de la réincarnation.
Et saviez-vous que dans l’exode 30 : 22-25 lorsque l’Eternel parla à Moïse et lui dit de prendre des meilleurs aromates ; de la myrrhe, de la cinnamome, du cassis, de l’huile d’olive et du kaneh bosem pour faire l’huile de consécration, le kaneh bosem est en fait le Cannabis en latin ou le chanvre en français. L’erreur de traduction du mot kaneh bosem en roseau aromatique existe depuis la traduction de la bible originelle hébraïque à la bible grecque.
Nous vous demandons dès à présent de manifester pour la légalisation de la médecine psychédélique et du cannabis afin d’accélérer les prises de consciences pour la paix dans le monde.
Afin de ne pas devoir attendre la fin de la guerre en Ukraine pour lancer l’expédition et venir nous rencontrer pour constater que nous sommes bien réel et en chair et en os, nous vous encourageons à faire partie du groupe whatsapp AGARTHA FOR PEACE ce vendredi 23 juin 2023, date symbolique du S.O.S. d’une Planète en détresse et de contribuer chacun pour 10€ sur le compte que Geoffroy vous donnera afin qu’il rassemble les 2 millions de dollar nécessaire pour louer le brise glace nucléaire russe pour partir à la dépression polaire nord. Lorsque vous serez 200000 personnes dans le groupe à avoir contribuer pour 10€, nous ferons un tirage au sort ou un grand quizz pour sélectionner les 125 personnes qui auront le privilège de partir avec la 1ere grande expédition publique qui va réécrire l’histoire…
La suite hypothétique faite à l'atelier d'écriture à Titeca:
Nous sommes en 2024, et les Russes décident d'arrêter la guerre en Ukraine en faisant un pacte de paix. Ils décident ensuite de créer une nouvelle monnaie basée sur leur réserve d'or et de distribuer un revenu universel équitable à tous leur citoyens en permettant a ceux qui le veulent de continuer à travailler pour gagner plus. Les Américains décident de faire pareille mais quand on ouvre le coffre-fort à Fort Knox, on découvre que les lingots d'or sont truffés au tungstène, un métal acheté en Chine et pesant le même poids que l'or... Les Américains paniquent et relance la planche à billets pour racheter un maximum de lingots d'or réels que le reste du monde réclament pour plus de dollars. Cela engendre un inflation galopante et les cours de l'or et l'argent flambent. Les citoyens prennent conscience de la situation et commencent aussi à acheter de l'or et l'argent métal. Nous arrivons alors à une phase d'hyperinflation et et le dollar perd rapidement sa valeur de monnaie de reserve.
Après avoir ruinsé les épargnatns qui avaient laissé leurs dollars dans les banques, les USA décident aussi de lancer une nouvelle monnaie basé sur l'or réel et un revenu universel équitable est établi pour tous les citoyens.
Les gens recommencent à avoir un niveau de vie et un bien-être qui augmentent et ils ont plus de temps pour leur loisirs. Maintenant que le pays se restabilise et que les sanction sont terminées avec les Russes.
Brooks Agnew, l'organisateur de la North Pole Inner Earth Expedition est invité à la TV nationale et fait la promotion de son expédition et de son site www.npiee.com pour expliquer à la population qu'ils vont louer un brise glace nucléaire russe avec 100 scientifiques de grandes universités et 20 touristes actifs dans le projet qui payeront 25000€ la place pour aller explorer la dépression polaire nord à 87,7N et 142,2E et essayer de redécouvrir l'Oasis découvert à l'époque par la Capitaine Byrd et aller plus loin pour découvrir l'Agartha. Le but est de rester quelques jours en Agartha pour apprendre leur technologies et leurs remèdes naturels anciens comme les ORMUS, l'Argent Colloïdal, l'Or Colloïdal, le jus de chanvre frais, la vitamine c liposomale et en plus la médecine shamanique et psychédélique comme l'Ayahuasca (contenant de la DMT), les champignons à psilocybine, l'Amanita Muscaria, les cactus , etc
De retour , les 120 participants sont courronnés de succès et deviendront les futurs ambassadeurs humains de l'Agartha pour les prochains voyages...
Le temps passe et les choses progressent. Les Gouvernements sont destitués et remplacer par un Gouvernement mondial dirigé par les grands sages d'Agartha. Le pétrole est petit à petit remplacé par le chanvre et le planète se dépollue au fur et à mesure.
Une police mondiale est instaurée par les Agarthiens et dispose de soucoupes volantes et des rayons paralysant pour arrêter les récalcitrants. C'est un rayon qui agit sur la glande pinéale comme dans MIB.
La police se charge aussi d'exiler sur une île prison les pédophiles et les pédocriminels qui pratiquaient le trafic d'enfant, d'organes et les tortures pour obtenir de l'Adrenochrome, une substance hautement recherché par certains groupes satanistes pour le pouvoir psychédélique et comme cure de jouvence.
A la place , les Agarthiens leur font une cure d'ORMUS, de vitamine c liposomale, d'argent colloidal, de jus de chanvre frais, d'ayahuasca, d'Amanita Muscaria et de chapignons à psilocybine pour les remettre sur le droit chemin.
Etant donné que tout le monde reçoit un revenu universel équitable, les guerres s'arrêtent et les gens passent plus de temps à leurs loisirs et à chanter et danser comme les Agarthiens leur enseignent. En Agartha, ils ne travaillent que 4 heures par jour.
Le programme HAARP est stoppé et les services secrets sont destitués. Les trafics de drogues ne sont plus dans les mains des services secrets et des mafias sataniques comme le Illuminati. Toutes les drogues sont vendues en pharmacies avec un accompagnement proposés à ceux qui consomment les drogues dures. On leur propose un séjour au centre Takiwasi au Pérou chez de Dr J. Mabit avec des prises d'Ayahuasca et des tentes de fumigations. On fait aussi appel au Dr Olivier Chambon et au Shaman Claude Traks pour aider les toxicomanes. Et comme le CBD est légalisé le tabagisme diminue rapidement.
Pendant leur loisirs, les gens de la surface de la terre qui sont prête à la 5e dimension peuvent prendre des navettes au Mont Bucegi en Roumanie et aller visiter Agartha, comme par exemple la bibliothèque Portologos ou il y a des hologrammes qui expliquent toute l'histoire de l'humanité et les possibilités de croisement entre différentes races humaines et extraterrestres.
Pour s'installer en Agartha, les humains doivent devenir végétarien et consommer principalement des graines de chanvre pour les protéines , les oméga 3 et 6, les vitamines et les mineraux. Une délicieuse boisson spéciale appelée "CoCoCannAmanitAyuasCacaoCola" est le régime quotidien des Agarthiens.
Les humains qui découvre Agartha sont stupéfaits de voit des mammouths vivants et aussi des Dynosaures végétariens. Même le T-Rex a des grandes dents pour pouvoir broyer de grosses branches selon les témoignages du Colonel Billie Faye Woodar qui a déjà eu la chance d'aller visiter Agartha avant presque tout le monde.
Plus les humains passent du temps en Agartha plus leur glande pinéale s'active a fabrique de la DMT en permanence ce qui permet de voir en 5e dimension et donc de voir les esprits jusque là invisible à l'oeil en 3e dimension et cela permet aussi de communiquer télépathiquement avec les animaux...
Le temps passe et nous sommes maintenannt à la grande année du retour du chanvre pour sauver la surface de la terre comme avait prévu Jack Herer et Rick Simpson (www.zenoil.nl) .
Les Agarthiens préparent de l'huile de consécration avec de la myrrhe, de la cannelle, du cassis et du cannabis et de l'huile d'olive comme dans l'exode 30:22-25. Ensuite ils rebaptisenttous les humains qui veulentrester vivre en Agartha. Cela permet de leur ouvrir le 3e Oeil et d'avoir la connexion avec les Dieux Créateurs.
Les Agarthiens lancent ensuite une campagne de dépopulation en semant des graines de chanvre de l'intérieur de la terre et riche en phytocannabinoïdes équilibré grâce a leurs soucoupes volantes. Ce qui permet d'absorber le césium contenu dans les sols irradiés, purifier les sols pollués, améliorer la structure des sols et favoriser la fertilisation organique grâce à ses racines profondes et ramifiiés.
Pour info , aux Usa, il existait plus de 5 millions d'hectares de cannabis sauvage avant 1937, année de la première grande prohibition américaine organisée par les lobbys des grands pollueurs industriels américains. Des centaines de milliers d'oiseaux se délectaient de ces graines qu'ils préféraient à toutes les autres, jusqu'à ce que le gouvernement américain décide de la destruction complète de cet élément vital de notre chaîne alimentaire. De plus avant 1937, on se préoccupait guère de son effet psychoactif.
Car en effet, les extraits de fleurs de chanvre/cannabis riche en phytocannabinoïdes furent pendant 60 ans, a la 2e place des médicaments les plus utilisés aux USA. Les extraits étaient considérés comme une panacée de la médecine naturelle.
Depuis 2003, les USA ont déposé un brevet N 6630507B1 qui démontrent les propriétés thérapeutiques et non-toxiques des cannabinoïdes. les cannabinoîdes sont reconnus comme antioxydants et neuroprotecteurs !
Savez-vous que le Dr Courtney recommande de consommer quotidiennement de l'huile de graine de chanvre, de la salade de feuilles de chanvre frais avec des graines de chanvre germées (riche en vit D) et entre 120 et 240 ml de jus de chanvre frais, divisés en 5 doses, équivalentsà 5 x 100mg de CBDa; Selon lui, ce régime permettrait de limiter les risques de cancer, de réduire les risques de crises cardiaques et du diabète insulinodépendant.
Pour rappel le système de cannabinoïdes existe depuis près de 600 millions d'années. Il est plus vieux que les dinosaures. Au fil du temps, ce système a continuellement évolué et toutes les nouvelles espèces l'ont intégré dans leurs fonctions biologiques. C'est surtout dans le domaine de la faim et de la prise alimentaire que le système des cannabinoîdes joue un rôle primordial. Il sert aussi à maintenir l'homéostasie du corps. Les activités dans les parties les plus évoluées du cerveau se basent sur les récepteurs des cannabinoîdes et favorisent des états de conscience supérieur.
Le système des cannabinoïdes nous permet d'accepter le changement de manière décontractée et paisible.
Le système des cannabinoïdes est en fait un système holistique. L'équilibre nécessaire à notre santé est intimement lié à ce système , c'est la raison pour laquelle le chanvre/cannabis doit être à la portée de TOus et utilisé de façon appropriée...
Saviez-vous que le lait maternelle et le chocolat noir contiennent des endocannabinoîdes comme l'Anandamide et que l'exercice physique augmente le taux d'endocannabinoïdes dans le cerveau et cela explique pourquoi les passionnés de jogging parlent d'euphorie du coureur...
(En achetant ce livre à 50 €, vous contribuer à mon crowdfunding pour partir avec la North Pole Inner Earth Expedition et découvrir si on a accès à l’AGARTHA via la dépression polaire nord à 87,7° de latitude Nord et 142,2° de longitude Est…)
Auteur : Geoffroy Coutellier ([email protected] et tel : 0472/277296) IBAN : BE28 0019 2824 5620
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The Great Prophecy:
ATTENTION to the population of Earth, your world is in danger! You are at risk of detonating atomic bombs that could also impact us. Furthermore, there is a possibility that a comet will soon pass close to Earth and disrupt your environment. We are the Agarthians, and we come in peace. We are the secret inhabitants of the same planet but from within, and we will come to help you on the surface of the Earth with ancient and natural remedies, as well as our gold and silver, to establish a new universal currency and implement a fair universal basic income for all. We will bring hemp, colloidal silver and gold, liposomal vitamin C, ORMUS, Ayahuasca, and psilocybin mushrooms to restore balance in your world. We will also bring our flying saucers and free energy towers, as reinvented by Nikola Tesla in the 1900s, to show you what we are capable of. But in order to demonstrate that you are aware that we are real and that we have been living 1300 kilometers beneath your surface since at least the last flood over 10,000 years ago, we ask you to participate in the future sponsorship of the North Pole Inner Earth Expedition. The first 25 people who pay €25,000 for their spot will be able to accompany the 100 scientists from major American universities who have already paid for their place to depart as soon as there is peace in Ukraine and the Russians cease the war. The Americans are hesitant to publicly announce that they will need to rent a Russian nuclear icebreaker to reach the North Pole and explore the polar depression at 87.7 degrees latitude North and 142.2 degrees East.
To accelerate public awareness, please encourage young people to tag everywhere they can and distribute flyers with the slogan "AGARTHA and NPIEE.COM for peace on earth."
Once peace is established in Ukraine, the Americans will make an official announcement to seek funds and participants. At that point, it may be too late for the chance of a lifetime to be part of the first great expedition to rediscover this magnificent and mysterious region.
Upon reaching the gates of Agartha, we will teach you about our remedies, psychedelic medicine, and technologies. We will explain how to use hemp to create almost all derivative products, including delicious non-psychoactive fresh hemp juice, unless you transform it into soup to decarboxylate it and make THC molecules psychoactive. It is a powerful remedy against the negative energy of your world, the side effects of pollution, cancer, and other diseases. Your governments have forbidden it because they have been manipulated by the Illuminati, who act as parasites. We advise you to research the Illuminati because it is because of them that you have barely heard of colloidal silver, liposomal vitamin C, ORMUS, psilocybin, Ayahuasca, free energy, Nikola Tesla, and Agartha.
They want you to remain slaves to debt and prevent you from knowing that there are other forms of life in the universe, even on your own planet. All this is to maintain the illegitimate power of the dollar. However, now you are at risk of experiencing a global hyperinflation worse than the one that occurred between the two World Wars in Weimar.
For this reason, we recommend that you immediately withdraw your savings from banks and financial products on the stock market and convert them back into real and historical currencies such as gold and silver coins, which retain their value and can be used in Agartha to barter for useful things. Furthermore, it is with gold that ORMUS can be made, and with silver that colloidal silver, a universal remedy, can be produced. So, do not say that gold and silver cannot be consumed.
Well YES, as you can see.
And we announce to you that soon your world will transition to the 5th dimension, which means that your pineal gland will start constantly producing DMT, similar to what is found in Ayahuasca. This will allow you to see and make contact with spirits that were previously invisible to your 3rd-dimensional eyes. It may seem terrifying at first, but you quickly get used to it, and there are more benevolent spirits than malevolent ones, so be reassured. We advise you to experiment with a glass pipe and DMT to get accustomed and prepare yourself for entering the permanent 5D that awaits us.
Therefore, in order to train yourself to enter the 5th dimension permanently, when we come to the surface of the Earth, we will set up sweat lodges with hot stones on which we will place hemp, plants containing DMT, and dried Amanita Muscaria. Did you know that in JOHN 6:51, when Jesus said, "I am the living bread that came down from heaven. Whoever eats this bread will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world," he was actually using a secret metaphor with the living bread representing the sacred mushroom Amanita Muscaria? However, the Illuminati have conspired to instill fear in you regarding this mushroom because it can be mildly toxic if not properly dried, and the mysteries surrounding it are among the best-kept secrets of the Vatican. They want you to remain dependent on them and prevent you from discovering the mysteries of life, death, and reincarnation on your own.
And did you know that in Exodus 30:22-25, when the Lord spoke to Moses and instructed him to take the finest spices - myrrh, cinnamon, aromatic cane, olive oil, and "kaneh bosem" - to make the anointing oil, "kaneh bosem" is actually Cannabis in Latin or hemp in French? The mistranslation of the term "kaneh bosem" as "aromatic cane" has existed since the translation from the original Hebrew Bible to the Greek Bible.
We now ask you to demonstrate for the legalization of psychedelic medicine and cannabis to accelerate the awakening of consciousness for peace in the world.
To avoid having to wait for the end of the war in Ukraine to launch the expedition and come to meet us to witness that we are real and in flesh and bone, we encourage you to join the WhatsApp group "AGARTHA FOR PEACE" this Friday, June 23, 2023, a symbolic date for the SOS of a distressed planet, and contribute €10 to the account that Geoffroy will provide in order to gather the $2 million necessary to rent the Russian nuclear icebreaker and head to the North Polar Depression. Once there are 200,000 people in the group who have contributed €10, we will hold a draw or a grand quiz to select the 125 individuals who will have the privilege to join the first major public expedition that will rewrite history...
The hypothetical continuation created during the writing workshop at Titeca:
It is now 2024, and the Russians decide to end the war in Ukraine by establishing a peace treaty. They then create a new currency based on their gold reserves and distribute a fair universal income to all their citizens, allowing those who wish to continue working to earn more. The Americans decide to do the same, but when they open the Fort Knox vault, they discover that the gold bars are filled with tungsten, a metal purchased from China that has the same weight as gold... Americans panic and resort to printing more money to buy as many genuine gold bars as the rest of the world demands in exchange for dollars.
This leads to rampant inflation, and the prices of gold and silver skyrocket. Citizens become aware of the situation and also start buying gold and silver. We then enter a phase of hyperinflation, and the dollar rapidly loses its value as a reserve currency.
After ruining the savings of those who had left their dollars in banks, the USA also decides to launch a new currency based on real gold, and a fair universal income is established for all citizens.
People start experiencing an increased standard of living and well-being, and they have more time for leisure activities. Now that the country is stabilizing and sanctions with the Russians are over.
Brooks Agnew, the organizer of the North Pole Inner Earth Expedition, is invited to national TV and promotes his expedition and website www.npiee.com to explain to the population that they will rent a Russian nuclear icebreaker with 100 scientists from top universities and 20 active tourists involved in the project, paying €25,000 per spot, to explore the North Polar depression at 87.7N and 142.2E and try to rediscover the Oasis previously discovered by Captain Byrd and go further to discover Agartha. The goal is to spend a few days in Agartha to learn about their technologies and ancient natural remedies such as ORMUS, Colloidal Silver, Colloidal Gold, fresh hemp juice, liposomal vitamin C, and also shamanic and psychedelic medicine like Ayahuasca (containing DMT), psilocybin mushrooms, Amanita Muscaria, cacti, and more.
Upon their return, the 120 participants are crowned with success and become the future human ambassadors of Agartha for upcoming journeys.
Time passes, and things progress. Governments are overthrown and replaced by a global government led by the wise leaders of Agartha. Hemp gradually replaces oil, and the planet is gradually being cleaned up.
A global police force is established by the Agarthians and equipped with flying saucers and paralyzing rays to apprehend the resistants. It is a ray that affects the pineal gland, similar to the one in Men in Black.
The police force also exiles pedophiles and pedocriminals who engaged in child trafficking, organ trafficking, and torture to obtain Adrenochrome, a highly sought-after substance by certain satanic groups for psychedelic power and rejuvenation. Instead, the Agarthians provide them with a treatment of ORMUS, liposomal vitamin C, colloidal silver, fresh hemp juice, Ayahuasca, Amanita Muscaria, and psilocybin mushrooms to put them back on the right path.
Since everyone receives a fair universal income, wars cease, and people spend more time on their leisure activities, singing, and dancing as the Agarthians teach them. In Agartha, they only work four hours a day.
The HAARP program is stopped, and the intelligence agencies are overthrown. Drug trafficking is no longer controlled by intelligence agencies and satanic mafias like the Illuminati. All drugs are sold in pharmacies with accompanying services offered to those who consume hard drugs. They are offered a stay at the Takiwasi center in Peru with Ayahuasca sessions and fumigation tents. Dr. Olivier Chambon and Shaman Claude Traks are also called upon to help drug addicts. And since CBD is legalized, smoking decreases rapidly.
During their leisure time, people on the surface of the Earth who are ready for the 5th dimension can take shuttles to Mount Bucegi in Romania and visit Agartha. For example, they can explore the Portologos library, where holograms explain the entire history of humanity and the possibilities of interaction between different human and extraterrestrial races.
To settle in Agartha, humans must become vegetarians and primarily consume hemp seeds for protein, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. A delicious special drink called "CoCoCannAmanitAyuasCacaoCola" is the daily diet of the Agarthians.
Humans who discover Agartha are amazed to see living mammoths and vegetarian dinosaurs. Even the T-Rex has large teeth to grind large branches, according to Colonel Billie Faye Woodard's testimonies, who had the opportunity to visit Agartha before almost everyone else.
The more time humans spend in Agartha, the more their pineal gland activates to continuously produce DMT, allowing them to see in the 5th dimension and perceive spirits that were previously invisible in the 3rd dimension. This also enables telepathic communication with animals.
Time passes, and now we are in the great year of the hemp's return to save the surface of the Earth, as Jack Herer and Rick Simpson (www.zenoil.nl) had predicted.
The Agarthians prepare consecration oil with myrrh, cinnamon, blackcurrant, cannabis, and olive oil, as mentioned in Exodus 30:22-25. They then baptize all humans who want to live in Agartha. This opens their third eye and establishes a connection with the Creator Gods.
The Agarthians then launch a depopulation campaign by sowing hemp seeds from the Earth's interior, which are rich in balanced phytocannabinoids, using their flying saucers. This helps absorb cesium from irradiated soils, purify polluted soils, improve soil structure, and promote organic fertilization through deep and branching roots.
For your information, in the United States, there were over 5 million hectares of wild cannabis before 1937, the year of the first major American prohibition organized by the lobbies of major industrial polluters. Hundreds of thousands of birds delighted in these seeds, which they preferred over all others until the U.S. government decided to completely destroy this vital element of our food chain. Moreover, before 1937, its psychoactive effects were of little concern.
Indeed, extracts of hemp/cannabis flowers rich in phytocannabinoids were the second most used medicines in the U.S. for 60 years. These extracts were considered a panacea of natural medicine.
Since 2003, the USA has obtained a patent, N 6630507B1, demonstrating the therapeutic and non-toxic properties of cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are recognized as antioxidants and neuroprotectants!
Did you know that Dr. Courtney recommends daily consumption of hemp seed oil, fresh hemp leaf salad with sprouted hemp seeds (rich in vitamin D), and between 120 and 240 ml of fresh hemp juice, divided into 5 doses, equivalent to 5 x 100mg of CBDa? According to him, this regimen can help limit the risk of cancer, reduce the risk of heart attacks, and insulin-dependent diabetes.
As a reminder, the endocannabinoid system has been around for nearly 600 million years. It is older than dinosaurs. Over time, this system has continuously evolved, and all new species have incorporated it into their biological functions. It plays a crucial role, especially in the domain of hunger and food intake. It also helps maintain the body's homeostasis. Activities in the most evolved parts of the brain rely on cannabinoid receptors and promote higher states of consciousness.
The endocannabinoid system allows us to accept change in a relaxed and peaceful manner.
The endocannabinoid system is, in fact, a holistic system. The necessary balance for our health is closely linked to this system, which is why hemp/cannabis should be accessible to everyone and used appropriately.
Did you know that breast milk and dark chocolate contain endocannabinoids like Anandamide, and physical exercise increases endocannabinoid levels in the brain? This explains why avid joggers often describe the "runner's high" euphoria.
(By purchasing this book for €50, you contribute to my crowdfunding campaign to join the North Pole Inner Earth Expedition and discover if we can access AGARTHA via the North Polar depression at 87.7° latitude North and 142.2° longitude East...) Author: Geoffroy Coutellier ([email protected] and phone: 0472/277296) IBAN: BE28 0019 2824 5620
ATTENTION to the population of Earth, your world is in danger! You are at risk of detonating atomic bombs that could also impact us. Furthermore, there is a possibility that a comet will soon pass close to Earth and disrupt your environment. We are the Agarthians, and we come in peace. We are the secret inhabitants of the same planet but from within, and we will come to help you on the surface of the Earth with ancient and natural remedies, as well as our gold and silver, to establish a new universal currency and implement a fair universal basic income for all. We will bring hemp, colloidal silver and gold, liposomal vitamin C, ORMUS, Ayahuasca, and psilocybin mushrooms to restore balance in your world. We will also bring our flying saucers and free energy towers, as reinvented by Nikola Tesla in the 1900s, to show you what we are capable of. But in order to demonstrate that you are aware that we are real and that we have been living 1300 kilometers beneath your surface since at least the last flood over 10,000 years ago, we ask you to participate in the future sponsorship of the North Pole Inner Earth Expedition. The first 25 people who pay €25,000 for their spot will be able to accompany the 100 scientists from major American universities who have already paid for their place to depart as soon as there is peace in Ukraine and the Russians cease the war. The Americans are hesitant to publicly announce that they will need to rent a Russian nuclear icebreaker to reach the North Pole and explore the polar depression at 87.7 degrees latitude North and 142.2 degrees East.
To accelerate public awareness, please encourage young people to tag everywhere they can and distribute flyers with the slogan "AGARTHA and NPIEE.COM for peace on earth."
Once peace is established in Ukraine, the Americans will make an official announcement to seek funds and participants. At that point, it may be too late for the chance of a lifetime to be part of the first great expedition to rediscover this magnificent and mysterious region.
Upon reaching the gates of Agartha, we will teach you about our remedies, psychedelic medicine, and technologies. We will explain how to use hemp to create almost all derivative products, including delicious non-psychoactive fresh hemp juice, unless you transform it into soup to decarboxylate it and make THC molecules psychoactive. It is a powerful remedy against the negative energy of your world, the side effects of pollution, cancer, and other diseases. Your governments have forbidden it because they have been manipulated by the Illuminati, who act as parasites. We advise you to research the Illuminati because it is because of them that you have barely heard of colloidal silver, liposomal vitamin C, ORMUS, psilocybin, Ayahuasca, free energy, Nikola Tesla, and Agartha.
They want you to remain slaves to debt and prevent you from knowing that there are other forms of life in the universe, even on your own planet. All this is to maintain the illegitimate power of the dollar. However, now you are at risk of experiencing a global hyperinflation worse than the one that occurred between the two World Wars in Weimar.
For this reason, we recommend that you immediately withdraw your savings from banks and financial products on the stock market and convert them back into real and historical currencies such as gold and silver coins, which retain their value and can be used in Agartha to barter for useful things. Furthermore, it is with gold that ORMUS can be made, and with silver that colloidal silver, a universal remedy, can be produced. So, do not say that gold and silver cannot be consumed.
Well YES, as you can see.
And we announce to you that soon your world will transition to the 5th dimension, which means that your pineal gland will start constantly producing DMT, similar to what is found in Ayahuasca. This will allow you to see and make contact with spirits that were previously invisible to your 3rd-dimensional eyes. It may seem terrifying at first, but you quickly get used to it, and there are more benevolent spirits than malevolent ones, so be reassured. We advise you to experiment with a glass pipe and DMT to get accustomed and prepare yourself for entering the permanent 5D that awaits us.
Therefore, in order to train yourself to enter the 5th dimension permanently, when we come to the surface of the Earth, we will set up sweat lodges with hot stones on which we will place hemp, plants containing DMT, and dried Amanita Muscaria. Did you know that in JOHN 6:51, when Jesus said, "I am the living bread that came down from heaven. Whoever eats this bread will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world," he was actually using a secret metaphor with the living bread representing the sacred mushroom Amanita Muscaria? However, the Illuminati have conspired to instill fear in you regarding this mushroom because it can be mildly toxic if not properly dried, and the mysteries surrounding it are among the best-kept secrets of the Vatican. They want you to remain dependent on them and prevent you from discovering the mysteries of life, death, and reincarnation on your own.
And did you know that in Exodus 30:22-25, when the Lord spoke to Moses and instructed him to take the finest spices - myrrh, cinnamon, aromatic cane, olive oil, and "kaneh bosem" - to make the anointing oil, "kaneh bosem" is actually Cannabis in Latin or hemp in French? The mistranslation of the term "kaneh bosem" as "aromatic cane" has existed since the translation from the original Hebrew Bible to the Greek Bible.
We now ask you to demonstrate for the legalization of psychedelic medicine and cannabis to accelerate the awakening of consciousness for peace in the world.
To avoid having to wait for the end of the war in Ukraine to launch the expedition and come to meet us to witness that we are real and in flesh and bone, we encourage you to join the WhatsApp group "AGARTHA FOR PEACE" this Friday, June 23, 2023, a symbolic date for the SOS of a distressed planet, and contribute €10 to the account that Geoffroy will provide in order to gather the $2 million necessary to rent the Russian nuclear icebreaker and head to the North Polar Depression. Once there are 200,000 people in the group who have contributed €10, we will hold a draw or a grand quiz to select the 125 individuals who will have the privilege to join the first major public expedition that will rewrite history...
The hypothetical continuation created during the writing workshop at Titeca:
It is now 2024, and the Russians decide to end the war in Ukraine by establishing a peace treaty. They then create a new currency based on their gold reserves and distribute a fair universal income to all their citizens, allowing those who wish to continue working to earn more. The Americans decide to do the same, but when they open the Fort Knox vault, they discover that the gold bars are filled with tungsten, a metal purchased from China that has the same weight as gold... Americans panic and resort to printing more money to buy as many genuine gold bars as the rest of the world demands in exchange for dollars.
This leads to rampant inflation, and the prices of gold and silver skyrocket. Citizens become aware of the situation and also start buying gold and silver. We then enter a phase of hyperinflation, and the dollar rapidly loses its value as a reserve currency.
After ruining the savings of those who had left their dollars in banks, the USA also decides to launch a new currency based on real gold, and a fair universal income is established for all citizens.
People start experiencing an increased standard of living and well-being, and they have more time for leisure activities. Now that the country is stabilizing and sanctions with the Russians are over.
Brooks Agnew, the organizer of the North Pole Inner Earth Expedition, is invited to national TV and promotes his expedition and website www.npiee.com to explain to the population that they will rent a Russian nuclear icebreaker with 100 scientists from top universities and 20 active tourists involved in the project, paying €25,000 per spot, to explore the North Polar depression at 87.7N and 142.2E and try to rediscover the Oasis previously discovered by Captain Byrd and go further to discover Agartha. The goal is to spend a few days in Agartha to learn about their technologies and ancient natural remedies such as ORMUS, Colloidal Silver, Colloidal Gold, fresh hemp juice, liposomal vitamin C, and also shamanic and psychedelic medicine like Ayahuasca (containing DMT), psilocybin mushrooms, Amanita Muscaria, cacti, and more.
Upon their return, the 120 participants are crowned with success and become the future human ambassadors of Agartha for upcoming journeys.
Time passes, and things progress. Governments are overthrown and replaced by a global government led by the wise leaders of Agartha. Hemp gradually replaces oil, and the planet is gradually being cleaned up.
A global police force is established by the Agarthians and equipped with flying saucers and paralyzing rays to apprehend the resistants. It is a ray that affects the pineal gland, similar to the one in Men in Black.
The police force also exiles pedophiles and pedocriminals who engaged in child trafficking, organ trafficking, and torture to obtain Adrenochrome, a highly sought-after substance by certain satanic groups for psychedelic power and rejuvenation. Instead, the Agarthians provide them with a treatment of ORMUS, liposomal vitamin C, colloidal silver, fresh hemp juice, Ayahuasca, Amanita Muscaria, and psilocybin mushrooms to put them back on the right path.
Since everyone receives a fair universal income, wars cease, and people spend more time on their leisure activities, singing, and dancing as the Agarthians teach them. In Agartha, they only work four hours a day.
The HAARP program is stopped, and the intelligence agencies are overthrown. Drug trafficking is no longer controlled by intelligence agencies and satanic mafias like the Illuminati. All drugs are sold in pharmacies with accompanying services offered to those who consume hard drugs. They are offered a stay at the Takiwasi center in Peru with Ayahuasca sessions and fumigation tents. Dr. Olivier Chambon and Shaman Claude Traks are also called upon to help drug addicts. And since CBD is legalized, smoking decreases rapidly.
During their leisure time, people on the surface of the Earth who are ready for the 5th dimension can take shuttles to Mount Bucegi in Romania and visit Agartha. For example, they can explore the Portologos library, where holograms explain the entire history of humanity and the possibilities of interaction between different human and extraterrestrial races.
To settle in Agartha, humans must become vegetarians and primarily consume hemp seeds for protein, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. A delicious special drink called "CoCoCannAmanitAyuasCacaoCola" is the daily diet of the Agarthians.
Humans who discover Agartha are amazed to see living mammoths and vegetarian dinosaurs. Even the T-Rex has large teeth to grind large branches, according to Colonel Billie Faye Woodard's testimonies, who had the opportunity to visit Agartha before almost everyone else.
The more time humans spend in Agartha, the more their pineal gland activates to continuously produce DMT, allowing them to see in the 5th dimension and perceive spirits that were previously invisible in the 3rd dimension. This also enables telepathic communication with animals.
Time passes, and now we are in the great year of the hemp's return to save the surface of the Earth, as Jack Herer and Rick Simpson (www.zenoil.nl) had predicted.
The Agarthians prepare consecration oil with myrrh, cinnamon, blackcurrant, cannabis, and olive oil, as mentioned in Exodus 30:22-25. They then baptize all humans who want to live in Agartha. This opens their third eye and establishes a connection with the Creator Gods.
The Agarthians then launch a depopulation campaign by sowing hemp seeds from the Earth's interior, which are rich in balanced phytocannabinoids, using their flying saucers. This helps absorb cesium from irradiated soils, purify polluted soils, improve soil structure, and promote organic fertilization through deep and branching roots.
For your information, in the United States, there were over 5 million hectares of wild cannabis before 1937, the year of the first major American prohibition organized by the lobbies of major industrial polluters. Hundreds of thousands of birds delighted in these seeds, which they preferred over all others until the U.S. government decided to completely destroy this vital element of our food chain. Moreover, before 1937, its psychoactive effects were of little concern.
Indeed, extracts of hemp/cannabis flowers rich in phytocannabinoids were the second most used medicines in the U.S. for 60 years. These extracts were considered a panacea of natural medicine.
Since 2003, the USA has obtained a patent, N 6630507B1, demonstrating the therapeutic and non-toxic properties of cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are recognized as antioxidants and neuroprotectants!
Did you know that Dr. Courtney recommends daily consumption of hemp seed oil, fresh hemp leaf salad with sprouted hemp seeds (rich in vitamin D), and between 120 and 240 ml of fresh hemp juice, divided into 5 doses, equivalent to 5 x 100mg of CBDa? According to him, this regimen can help limit the risk of cancer, reduce the risk of heart attacks, and insulin-dependent diabetes.
As a reminder, the endocannabinoid system has been around for nearly 600 million years. It is older than dinosaurs. Over time, this system has continuously evolved, and all new species have incorporated it into their biological functions. It plays a crucial role, especially in the domain of hunger and food intake. It also helps maintain the body's homeostasis. Activities in the most evolved parts of the brain rely on cannabinoid receptors and promote higher states of consciousness.
The endocannabinoid system allows us to accept change in a relaxed and peaceful manner.
The endocannabinoid system is, in fact, a holistic system. The necessary balance for our health is closely linked to this system, which is why hemp/cannabis should be accessible to everyone and used appropriately.
Did you know that breast milk and dark chocolate contain endocannabinoids like Anandamide, and physical exercise increases endocannabinoid levels in the brain? This explains why avid joggers often describe the "runner's high" euphoria.
(By purchasing this book for €50, you contribute to my crowdfunding campaign to join the North Pole Inner Earth Expedition and discover if we can access AGARTHA via the North Polar depression at 87.7° latitude North and 142.2° longitude East...) Author: Geoffroy Coutellier ([email protected] and phone: 0472/277296) IBAN: BE28 0019 2824 5620
Cliquez sur la bannière Chanvre & Vous pour accéder à mon autre site plus spécifique sur le chanvre
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"We are at the dawn of a New Age in medicine and a New Age for mankind.
Not only can Hemp (Cannabis) save the world, it can eliminate a great deal
of human suffering and can even put an end to starvation ! What are we waiting for... ?"
~Rick Simpson ( http://phoenixtears.ca/what-it-does-and-how-it-works/ )
Not only can Hemp (Cannabis) save the world, it can eliminate a great deal
of human suffering and can even put an end to starvation ! What are we waiting for... ?"
~Rick Simpson ( http://phoenixtears.ca/what-it-does-and-how-it-works/ )
There are thousands of reasons why the medicinal use of the cannabis plant, should never have been restricted in the first place. But now with the menace that all this escaping radiation presents, we would have to be insane to turn our backs on the use of hemp extracts to help us all deal with this situation.
I truly feel sorry for the misery the people of Japan are now going through and if nothing can be done to stop the radiation from escaping, they may loose their homeland entirely. Don’t be fooled by government double talk, radiation is an invisible but dangerous threat to the well being of us all and only a complete fool would try to say otherwise.
The wondrous medicinal effects of properly produced oil from the cannabis hemp plant are finally being recognized once more worldwide.
This is just one more reason, we must begin to start growing this plant on a grand scale and it is time that we all told our governments that we have had enough of their nonsense.
Our very lives and the lives of coming generations, plus the well being of many other species are at stake and its now up to us, to determine what future mankind is to have...
Best Wishes, ~Rick Simpson
I truly feel sorry for the misery the people of Japan are now going through and if nothing can be done to stop the radiation from escaping, they may loose their homeland entirely. Don’t be fooled by government double talk, radiation is an invisible but dangerous threat to the well being of us all and only a complete fool would try to say otherwise.
The wondrous medicinal effects of properly produced oil from the cannabis hemp plant are finally being recognized once more worldwide.
This is just one more reason, we must begin to start growing this plant on a grand scale and it is time that we all told our governments that we have had enough of their nonsense.
Our very lives and the lives of coming generations, plus the well being of many other species are at stake and its now up to us, to determine what future mankind is to have...
Best Wishes, ~Rick Simpson
New Earth project launch conscious communities
" We are staring at the greatest opportunity for the evolutionary advancement of humanity in our long and turbulent history. This is an opportunity for us to engage in manifesting a new world -- in a fully conscious manner. To do this effectively we must unite in a common goal, and we must do so outside of the existing systems and constructs which limit our capacity for expression, interaction and meaningful cooperation. We will build a New Earth -- and we will not ask for permission to do so. Join us at www.new-earth-project.org "
" We are staring at the greatest opportunity for the evolutionary advancement of humanity in our long and turbulent history. This is an opportunity for us to engage in manifesting a new world -- in a fully conscious manner. To do this effectively we must unite in a common goal, and we must do so outside of the existing systems and constructs which limit our capacity for expression, interaction and meaningful cooperation. We will build a New Earth -- and we will not ask for permission to do so. Join us at www.new-earth-project.org "
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☯ ☤ ☥ ✿ Echinacea, PhytoCannabinoïds , Cannabinoïd receptors & Mammalian Endogenous Cannabinoïd System ✿ ☥ ☤ ☯
The echinacea plant is native to Eastern America, and is known to have stimulating effects on the Immune System. Because of the Echinacea’s medical properties, it is sold online and at various vitamin and health stores. What people do not tell you about the Echinacea plant is that it’s immune stimulating affects result from Phytoalkaloids Activating CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors that are responsible for regulating the Immune System in Mammals. Obviously more serious studies need to be conducted on the Immune Stimulating effects, along with other PhytoCannabinoids present in the Echinacea plant and their affects on the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.
>>> PhytoCannabinoids beyond the Cannabis plant – do they exist? : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931553/
>>> PhytoCannabinoids : http://mygreennow.org/In%20Depth.htm
[ ✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabinoids :
Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that activate cannabinoid receptors. These include the endocannabinoids (produced naturally in the body by humans and animals), the phytocannabinoids(found in cannabis and some other plants), and synthetic cannabinoids (produced chemically by humans). The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound of cannabis. However, there are known to exist numerous other cannabinoids with varied effects.
Synthetic cannabinoids encompass a variety of distinct chemical classes: the classical cannabinoids structurally related to THC, the nonclassical cannabinoids (cannabimimetics) including the aminoalkylindoles, 1,5-diarylpyrazoles, quinolines, and arylsulphonamides, as well as eicosanoids related to the endocannabinoids.
~ Cannabinoid receptors ~
Before the 1980s, it was often speculated that cannabinoids produced their physiological and behavioral effects via nonspecific interaction with cell membranes, instead of interacting with specific membrane-bound receptors. The discovery of the first cannabinoid receptors in the 1980s helped to resolve this debate. These receptors are common in animals, and have been found in mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles. At present, there are two known types of cannabinoid receptors, termed CB1 and CB2, with mounting evidence of more. The human brain has more cannabinoid receptors than any other GPCR type.
~ ☤ Cannabinoid receptor type 1 ~
CB1 receptors are found primarily in the brain, to be specific in the basal ganglia and in the limbic system, including the hippocampus. They are also found in the cerebellum and in both male and female reproductive systems. CB1 receptors are absent in the medulla oblongata, the part of the brain stem responsible for respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Thus, there is not the risk of respiratory or cardiovascular failure that can be produced by some drugs. CB1 receptors appear to be responsible for the euphoric and anticonvulsive effects of cannabis.
~ ☤ Cannabinoid receptor type 2 ~
CB2 receptors are predominantly found in the immune system, or immune-derived cells with the greatest density in the spleen. While found only in the peripheral nervous system, a report does indicate that CB2 is expressed by a subpopulation of microglia in the human cerebellum . CB2 receptors appear to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and possibly other therapeutic effects of cannabis.
~ ✿ Phytocannabinoids ~
Phytocannabinoids (also called natural cannabinoids, herbal cannabinoids, and classical cannabinoids) are known to occur in several different plant species. These include Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, Acmella oleracea, Helichrysum umbraculigerum, and Radula marginata. The best known herbal cannabinoids are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from Cannabis and the lipophilic alkamides (alkylamides) from Echinacea species.
A significant number of cannabinoids are found in both Cannabis and Echinacea plants. In Cannabis, these cannabinoids are concentrated in a viscous resin produced in structures known as glandular trichomes. In Echinacea species, cannabinoids are found throughout the plant structure, but are most concentrated in the roots and stems. Tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins have an affinity for human cannabinoid receptors.
Phytocannabinoids are nearly insoluble in water but are soluble in lipids, alcohols, and other non-polar organic solvents. However, as phenols, they form more water-soluble phenolate salts under strongly alkaline conditions.
All-natural cannabinoids are derived from their respective 2-carboxylic acids (2-COOH) by decarboxylation (catalyzed by heat, light, or alkaline conditions).
~ Types ~
At least 85 different cannabinoids have been isolated from the Cannabis plant. At least 25 different cannabinoids have been isolated from Echinacea species. To the right, the main classes of cannabinoids from Cannabis are shown. All classes derive from cannabigerol-type compounds and differ mainly in the way this precursor is cyclized.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic-acid-isobutylamides (from Echinacea species) are the most prevalent natural cannabinoids and have received the most study. Other common cannabinoids are listed below:
✔ CBG Cannabigerol
✔ CBC Cannabichromene
✔ CBL Cannabicyclol
✔ CBV Cannabivarin
✔ THCV Tetrahydrocannabivarin
✔ CBDV Cannabidivarin
✔ CBCV Cannabichromevarin
✔ CBGV Cannabigerovarin
✔ CBGM Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether
✔ ✿☥☤☯Tetrahydrocannabinol
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive component of the plant. It appears to ease moderate pain (analgesic) and to be neuroprotective. THC has approximately equal affinity for the CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC, THC) and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), mimic the action of anandamide, a neurotransmitter produced naturally in the body. These two THC's produce the effects associated with cannabis by binding to the CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the brain.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabidiol
Cannabidiol (CBD) is not particularly psychoactive in and of itself, and was thought not to affect the psycho activity of THC. However, recent evidence shows that smokers of cannabis with a higher CBD/THC ratio were less likely to experience schizophrenia-like symptoms. This is supported by psychological tests, in which participants experience less intense psychotic-like effects when intravenous THC was co-administered with CBD (as measured with a PANSS test). Cannabidiol has little affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors but acts as an indirect antagonist of cannabinoid agonists. Recently it was found to be an antagonist at the putative new cannabinoid receptor, GPR55, a GPCR expressed in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Cannabidiol has also been shown to act as a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, an action that is involved in its antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective effects.
It appears to relieve convulsion, inflammation, anxiety, and nausea. CBD has a greater affinity for the CB2 receptor than for the CB1 receptor.
CBD shares a precursor with THC and is the main cannabinoid in low-THC Cannabis strains. CBD apparently plays a role in preventing the short-term memory loss associated with THC in mammals.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabinol
Cannabinol (CBN) is the primary product of THC degradation, and there is usually little of it in a fresh plant. CBN content increases as THC degrades in storage, and with exposure to light and air. It is only mildly psychoactive. Its affinity to the CB2 receptor is higher than for the CB1 receptor.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabigerol
Cannabigerol (CBG) is non-psychotomimetic but still affects the overall effects of Cannabis. It acts as an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, and CB1 receptor antagonist. It also binds to the CB2 receptor.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Tetrahydrocannabivarin
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) is prevalent in certain central Asian and southern African strains of Cannabis. It is an antagonist of THC at CB1 receptors and attenuates the psychoactive effects of THC.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabidivarin
Although cannabidivarin (CBDV) is usually a minor constituent of the cannabinoid profile, enhanced levels of CBDV have been reported in feral plants from the northwest Himalayas, and in hashish from Nepal.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabichromene
Cannabichromene (CBC) is non-psychoactive and does not affect the psycho activity of THC.
~ Double bond position ~
In addition, each of the compounds above may be in different forms depending on the position of the double bond in the alicyclic carbon ring. There is potential for confusion because there are different numbering systems used to describe the position of this double bond. Under the dibenzopyran numbering system widely used today, the major form of THC is called Δ9-THC, while the minor form is called Δ8-THC. Under the alternate terpene numbering system, these same compounds are called Δ1-THC and Δ6-THC, respectively.
~ Length ~
Most herbal cannabinoid compounds are 21-carbon compounds. However, some do not follow this rule, primarily because of variation in the length of the side-chain attached to the aromatic ring. In THC, CBD, and CBN, this side-chain is a pentyl (5-carbon) chain. In the most common homologue, the pentyl chain is replaced with a propyl (3-carbon) chain. Cannabinoids with the propyl side-chain are named using the suffix varin, and are designated, for example, THCV, CBDV, or CBNV.
~ Plant profile ~
Cannabis plants can exhibit wide variation in the quantity and type of cannabinoids they produce. The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used to control the genetics of plants and modify the cannabinoid profile. For example, strains that are used as fiber (commonly called hemp) are bred such that they are low in psychoactive chemicals like THC. Strains used in medicine are often bred for high CBD content, high THC content or for a specific chemical balance.
Quantitative analysis of a plant's cannabinoid profile is often determined by gas chromatography (GC), or more reliably by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Liquid chromatography (LC) techniques are also possible, and, unlike GC methods, can differentiate between the acid and neutral forms of the cannabinoids. There have been systematic attempts to monitor the cannabinoid profile of cannabis over time, but their accuracy is impeded by the illegal status of the plant in many countries.
~ Pharmacology ~
Cannabinoids can be administered by smoking, vaporizing, oral ingestion, transdermal patch, intravenous injection, sublingual absorption, or rectal suppository. Once in the body, most cannabinoids are metabolized in the liver, especially by cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidases, mainly CYP 2C9. Thus supplementing with CYP 2C9 inhibitors leads to extended intoxication.
Some is also stored in fat in addition to being metabolized in liver. Δ9-THC is metabolized to 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC, which is then metabolized to 9-carboxy-THC. Some cannabis metabolites can be detected in the body several weeks after administration. These metabolites are the chemicals recognized by common antibody-based "drug tests"; in the case of THC et al., these loads do not represent intoxication (compare to ethanol breath tests that measure instantaneous blood alcohol levels) but an integration of past consumption over an approximately month-long window.
~ Plant synthesis ~
Cannabinoid production starts when an enzyme causes geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid to combine and form CBG. Next, CBG is independently converted to either CBD or CBC by two separate synthase enzymes. CBD is then enzymatically cyclized to THC. For the propyl homologues (THCV, CBDV and CBNV), there is a similar pathway that is based on CBGV. (recent studies show that THC is not cyclized from CBD but rather directly from CBG. no experiment thus far has turned up an enzyme that converts CBD into THC although it is still hypothesized.)
~ Separation ~
Cannabinoids can be separated from the plant by extraction with organic solvents. Hydrocarbons and alcohols are often used as solvents. However, these solvents are flammable and many are toxic. Butane may be used, which evaporates extremely quickly. Supercritical solvent extraction with carbon dioxide is an alternative technique. Although this process requires high pressures (73 atmospheres or more), there is minimal risk of fire or toxicity, solvent removal is simple and efficient, and extract quality can be well controlled. Once extracted, cannabinoid blends can be separated into individual components using wiped film vacuum distillation or other distillation techniques. However, to produce high-purity cannabinoids, chemical synthesis or semisynthesis is generally required.
~ History ~
Cannabinoids were first discovered in the 1940s, when CBD and CBN were identified. The structure of THC was first determined in 1964.
Due to molecular similarity and ease of synthetic conversion, CBD was originally believed to be a natural precursor to THC. However, it is now known that CBD and THC are produced independently in the cannabis plant from the precursor CBG.
~ Endocannabinoids ~
Endocannabinoids are substances produced from within the body that activate cannabinoid receptors. After the discovery of the first cannabinoid receptor in 1988, scientists began searching for an endogenous ligand for the receptor.
Anandamide, an endogenous ligand of CB1 and CB2
~ Types of endocannabinoid ligands ~
Arachidonoylethanolamine (Anandamide or AEA)
In 1992, in Raphael Mechoulam's lab, the first such compound was identified as arachidonoyl ethanolamine and named anandamide, a name derived from the Sanskrit word for bliss and -amide. Anandamide is derived from the essential fatty acid arachidonic acid. It has a pharmacology similar to THC, although its chemical structure is different. Anandamide binds to the central (CB1) and, to a lesser extent, peripheral (CB2) cannabinoid receptors, where it acts as a partial agonist. Anandamide is about as potent as THC at the CB1 receptor. Anandamide is found in nearly all tissues in a wide range of animals. Anandamide has also been found in plants, including small amounts in chocolate.
Two analogs of anandamide, 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoylethanolamide and homo-γ-linolenoylethanolamine, have similar pharmacology. All of these are members of a family of signalling lipids called N-acylethanolamines, which also includes the noncannabimimetic palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide, which possess anti-inflammatory and orexigenic effects, respectively. Many N-acylethanolamines have also been identified in plant seeds and in molluscs.
☯ 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG)
Another endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, binds to both the CB1 and CB2 receptors with similar affinity, acting as a full agonist at both. 2-AG is present at significantly higher concentrations in the brain than anandamide, and there is some controversy over whether 2-AG rather than anandamide is chiefly responsible for endocannabinoid signalling in vivo. In particular, one in vitro study suggests that 2-AG is capable of stimulating higher G-protein activation than anandamide, although the physiological implications of this finding are not yet known.
☯ 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether)
In 2001, a third, ether-type endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), was isolated from porcine brain. Prior to this discovery, it had been synthesized as a stable analog of 2-AG; indeed, some controversy remains over its classification as an endocannabinoid, as another group failed to detect the substance at "any appreciable amount" in the brains of several different mammalian species. It binds to the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (Ki = 21.2 nmol/L) and causes sedation, hypothermia, intestinal immobility, and mild antinociception in mice. It binds primarily to the CB1 receptor, and only weakly to the CB2 receptor.
☯ N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA)
Discovered in 2000, NADA preferentially binds to the CB1 receptor. Like anandamide, NADA is also an agonist for the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1), a member of the vanilloid receptor family.
☯ Virodhamine (OAE)
A fifth endocannabinoid, virodhamine, or O-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (OAE), was discovered in June 2002. Although it is a full agonist at CB2 and a partial agonist at CB1, it behaves as a CB1 antagonist in vivo. In rats, virodhamine was found to be present at comparable or slightly lower concentrations than anandamide in the brain, but 2- to 9-fold higher concentrations peripherally.
~ Function ~
Endocannabinoids serve as intercellular 'lipid messengers', signaling molecules that are released from one cell and activating the cannabinoid receptors present on other nearby cells. Although in this intercellular signaling role they are similar to the well-known monoamine neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine, endocannabinoids differ in numerous ways from them. For instance, they use retrograde signaling. Furthermore, endocannabinoids are lipophilic molecules that are not very soluble in water. They are not stored in vesicles, and exist as integral constituents of the membrane bilayers that make up cells. They are believed to be synthesized 'on-demand' rather than made and stored for later use. The mechanisms and enzymes underlying the biosynthesis of endocannabinoids remain elusive and continue to be an area of active research.
The endocannabinoid 2-AG has been found in bovine and human maternal milk.
~ Retrograde signal ~
Conventional neurotransmitters are released from a ‘presynaptic’ cell and activate appropriate receptors on a ‘postsynaptic’ cell, where presynaptic and postsynaptic designate the sending and receiving sides of a synapse, respectively. Endocannabinoids, on the other hand, are described as retrograde transmitters because they most commonly travel ‘backward’ against the usual synaptic transmitter flow. They are, in effect, released from the postsynaptic cell and act on the presynaptic cell, where the target receptors are densely concentrated on axonal terminals in the zones from which conventional neurotransmitters are released. Activation of cannabinoid receptors temporarily reduces the amount of conventional neurotransmitter released. This endocannabinoid mediated system permits the postsynaptic cell to control its own incoming synaptic traffic. The ultimate effect on the endocannabinoid-releasing cell depends on the nature of the conventional transmitter being controlled. For instance, when the release of the inhibitory transmitter GABA is reduced, the net effect is an increase in the excitability of the endocannabinoid-releasing cell. On the converse, when release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is reduced, the net effect is a decrease in the excitability of the endocannabinoid-releasing cell.
~ Range ~
Endocannabinoids are hydrophobic molecules. They cannot travel unaided for long distances in the aqueous medium surrounding the cells from which they are released, and therefore act locally on nearby target cells. Hence, although emanating diffusely from their source cells, they have much more restricted spheres of influence than do hormones, which can affect cells throughout the body.
~ U.S. Patent no. 6630507 ~
On October 7, 2003, a U.S. patent number 6630507 entitled "Cannabinoids as Antioxidants and Neuroprotectants" was awarded to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, based on research done at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). This patent claims that cannabinoids are "useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of wide variety of oxidation associated diseases such as ischemia, age-related, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. The cannabinoids are found to have particular application as neuroprotectants, for example in limiting neurological damage following ischemic insults, such as stroke and trauma, or in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and HIV dementia."
On November 17, 2011, in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 209(c)(1) and 37 CFR part 404.7(a)(1)(i), the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, published in the Federal Register, that it is contemplating the grant of an exclusive patent license to practice the invention embodied in U.S. Patent 6,630,507, entitled “Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants” and PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US99/08769 and foreign equivalents thereof, entitled “Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants” [HHS Ref. No. E-287-1997/2] to KannaLife Sciences Inc., which has offices in New York, U.S. This patent and its foreign counterparts have been assigned to the Government of the United States of America. The prospective exclusive license territory may be worldwide, and the field of use may be limited to: The development and sale of cannabinoid(s) and cannabidiol(s) based therapeutics as antioxidants and neuroprotectants for use and delivery in humans, for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, as claimed in the Licensed Patent Rights.
On June 12, 2012, KannaLife Sciences, Inc. signed an exclusive license agreement with National Institutes of Health – Office of Technology Transfer ("NIH-OTT") for the Commercialization of U.S. Patent 6,630,507, "Cannabinoids as Antioxidants and Neuroprotectants" (the "'507 Patent"). The '507 Patent includes among other things, claims directed to a method of treating diseases caused by oxidative stress by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that has substantially no binding to the NMDA receptor. Cannabinoids are any of a group of related compounds that include cannabinol and the active constituents of cannabis (marijuana).
~ Natural occurrence ~
Cannabis indica may have a CBD:THC ratio 4–5 times that of Cannabis sativa. Cannabis strains with relatively high CBD:THC ratios are less likely to induce anxiety than vice versa. This may be due to CBD's antagonistic effects at the cannabinoid receptors, compared to THC's partial agonist effect. CBD is also a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, which may also contribute to an anxiolytic effect. This likely means the high concentrations of CBD found in Cannabis indica mitigate the anxiogenic effect of THC significantly. The effects of sativa are well known for its cerebral high, hence used daytime as medical cannabis, while indica are well known for its sedative effects and preferred night time as medical cannabis. ]
>>> The Medicinal Chemistry of Agents Targeting the Endogenous Cannabinoid System : http://www.benthamdirect.org/pages/b_viewarticle.php?articleID=3147248
The echinacea plant is native to Eastern America, and is known to have stimulating effects on the Immune System. Because of the Echinacea’s medical properties, it is sold online and at various vitamin and health stores. What people do not tell you about the Echinacea plant is that it’s immune stimulating affects result from Phytoalkaloids Activating CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors that are responsible for regulating the Immune System in Mammals. Obviously more serious studies need to be conducted on the Immune Stimulating effects, along with other PhytoCannabinoids present in the Echinacea plant and their affects on the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.
>>> PhytoCannabinoids beyond the Cannabis plant – do they exist? : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931553/
>>> PhytoCannabinoids : http://mygreennow.org/In%20Depth.htm
[ ✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabinoids :
Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that activate cannabinoid receptors. These include the endocannabinoids (produced naturally in the body by humans and animals), the phytocannabinoids(found in cannabis and some other plants), and synthetic cannabinoids (produced chemically by humans). The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound of cannabis. However, there are known to exist numerous other cannabinoids with varied effects.
Synthetic cannabinoids encompass a variety of distinct chemical classes: the classical cannabinoids structurally related to THC, the nonclassical cannabinoids (cannabimimetics) including the aminoalkylindoles, 1,5-diarylpyrazoles, quinolines, and arylsulphonamides, as well as eicosanoids related to the endocannabinoids.
~ Cannabinoid receptors ~
Before the 1980s, it was often speculated that cannabinoids produced their physiological and behavioral effects via nonspecific interaction with cell membranes, instead of interacting with specific membrane-bound receptors. The discovery of the first cannabinoid receptors in the 1980s helped to resolve this debate. These receptors are common in animals, and have been found in mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles. At present, there are two known types of cannabinoid receptors, termed CB1 and CB2, with mounting evidence of more. The human brain has more cannabinoid receptors than any other GPCR type.
~ ☤ Cannabinoid receptor type 1 ~
CB1 receptors are found primarily in the brain, to be specific in the basal ganglia and in the limbic system, including the hippocampus. They are also found in the cerebellum and in both male and female reproductive systems. CB1 receptors are absent in the medulla oblongata, the part of the brain stem responsible for respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Thus, there is not the risk of respiratory or cardiovascular failure that can be produced by some drugs. CB1 receptors appear to be responsible for the euphoric and anticonvulsive effects of cannabis.
~ ☤ Cannabinoid receptor type 2 ~
CB2 receptors are predominantly found in the immune system, or immune-derived cells with the greatest density in the spleen. While found only in the peripheral nervous system, a report does indicate that CB2 is expressed by a subpopulation of microglia in the human cerebellum . CB2 receptors appear to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and possibly other therapeutic effects of cannabis.
~ ✿ Phytocannabinoids ~
Phytocannabinoids (also called natural cannabinoids, herbal cannabinoids, and classical cannabinoids) are known to occur in several different plant species. These include Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, Acmella oleracea, Helichrysum umbraculigerum, and Radula marginata. The best known herbal cannabinoids are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from Cannabis and the lipophilic alkamides (alkylamides) from Echinacea species.
A significant number of cannabinoids are found in both Cannabis and Echinacea plants. In Cannabis, these cannabinoids are concentrated in a viscous resin produced in structures known as glandular trichomes. In Echinacea species, cannabinoids are found throughout the plant structure, but are most concentrated in the roots and stems. Tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins have an affinity for human cannabinoid receptors.
Phytocannabinoids are nearly insoluble in water but are soluble in lipids, alcohols, and other non-polar organic solvents. However, as phenols, they form more water-soluble phenolate salts under strongly alkaline conditions.
All-natural cannabinoids are derived from their respective 2-carboxylic acids (2-COOH) by decarboxylation (catalyzed by heat, light, or alkaline conditions).
~ Types ~
At least 85 different cannabinoids have been isolated from the Cannabis plant. At least 25 different cannabinoids have been isolated from Echinacea species. To the right, the main classes of cannabinoids from Cannabis are shown. All classes derive from cannabigerol-type compounds and differ mainly in the way this precursor is cyclized.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic-acid-isobutylamides (from Echinacea species) are the most prevalent natural cannabinoids and have received the most study. Other common cannabinoids are listed below:
✔ CBG Cannabigerol
✔ CBC Cannabichromene
✔ CBL Cannabicyclol
✔ CBV Cannabivarin
✔ THCV Tetrahydrocannabivarin
✔ CBDV Cannabidivarin
✔ CBCV Cannabichromevarin
✔ CBGV Cannabigerovarin
✔ CBGM Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether
✔ ✿☥☤☯Tetrahydrocannabinol
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive component of the plant. It appears to ease moderate pain (analgesic) and to be neuroprotective. THC has approximately equal affinity for the CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC, THC) and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), mimic the action of anandamide, a neurotransmitter produced naturally in the body. These two THC's produce the effects associated with cannabis by binding to the CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the brain.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabidiol
Cannabidiol (CBD) is not particularly psychoactive in and of itself, and was thought not to affect the psycho activity of THC. However, recent evidence shows that smokers of cannabis with a higher CBD/THC ratio were less likely to experience schizophrenia-like symptoms. This is supported by psychological tests, in which participants experience less intense psychotic-like effects when intravenous THC was co-administered with CBD (as measured with a PANSS test). Cannabidiol has little affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors but acts as an indirect antagonist of cannabinoid agonists. Recently it was found to be an antagonist at the putative new cannabinoid receptor, GPR55, a GPCR expressed in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Cannabidiol has also been shown to act as a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, an action that is involved in its antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective effects.
It appears to relieve convulsion, inflammation, anxiety, and nausea. CBD has a greater affinity for the CB2 receptor than for the CB1 receptor.
CBD shares a precursor with THC and is the main cannabinoid in low-THC Cannabis strains. CBD apparently plays a role in preventing the short-term memory loss associated with THC in mammals.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabinol
Cannabinol (CBN) is the primary product of THC degradation, and there is usually little of it in a fresh plant. CBN content increases as THC degrades in storage, and with exposure to light and air. It is only mildly psychoactive. Its affinity to the CB2 receptor is higher than for the CB1 receptor.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabigerol
Cannabigerol (CBG) is non-psychotomimetic but still affects the overall effects of Cannabis. It acts as an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, and CB1 receptor antagonist. It also binds to the CB2 receptor.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Tetrahydrocannabivarin
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) is prevalent in certain central Asian and southern African strains of Cannabis. It is an antagonist of THC at CB1 receptors and attenuates the psychoactive effects of THC.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabidivarin
Although cannabidivarin (CBDV) is usually a minor constituent of the cannabinoid profile, enhanced levels of CBDV have been reported in feral plants from the northwest Himalayas, and in hashish from Nepal.
✔ ✿☥☤☯ Cannabichromene
Cannabichromene (CBC) is non-psychoactive and does not affect the psycho activity of THC.
~ Double bond position ~
In addition, each of the compounds above may be in different forms depending on the position of the double bond in the alicyclic carbon ring. There is potential for confusion because there are different numbering systems used to describe the position of this double bond. Under the dibenzopyran numbering system widely used today, the major form of THC is called Δ9-THC, while the minor form is called Δ8-THC. Under the alternate terpene numbering system, these same compounds are called Δ1-THC and Δ6-THC, respectively.
~ Length ~
Most herbal cannabinoid compounds are 21-carbon compounds. However, some do not follow this rule, primarily because of variation in the length of the side-chain attached to the aromatic ring. In THC, CBD, and CBN, this side-chain is a pentyl (5-carbon) chain. In the most common homologue, the pentyl chain is replaced with a propyl (3-carbon) chain. Cannabinoids with the propyl side-chain are named using the suffix varin, and are designated, for example, THCV, CBDV, or CBNV.
~ Plant profile ~
Cannabis plants can exhibit wide variation in the quantity and type of cannabinoids they produce. The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used to control the genetics of plants and modify the cannabinoid profile. For example, strains that are used as fiber (commonly called hemp) are bred such that they are low in psychoactive chemicals like THC. Strains used in medicine are often bred for high CBD content, high THC content or for a specific chemical balance.
Quantitative analysis of a plant's cannabinoid profile is often determined by gas chromatography (GC), or more reliably by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Liquid chromatography (LC) techniques are also possible, and, unlike GC methods, can differentiate between the acid and neutral forms of the cannabinoids. There have been systematic attempts to monitor the cannabinoid profile of cannabis over time, but their accuracy is impeded by the illegal status of the plant in many countries.
~ Pharmacology ~
Cannabinoids can be administered by smoking, vaporizing, oral ingestion, transdermal patch, intravenous injection, sublingual absorption, or rectal suppository. Once in the body, most cannabinoids are metabolized in the liver, especially by cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidases, mainly CYP 2C9. Thus supplementing with CYP 2C9 inhibitors leads to extended intoxication.
Some is also stored in fat in addition to being metabolized in liver. Δ9-THC is metabolized to 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC, which is then metabolized to 9-carboxy-THC. Some cannabis metabolites can be detected in the body several weeks after administration. These metabolites are the chemicals recognized by common antibody-based "drug tests"; in the case of THC et al., these loads do not represent intoxication (compare to ethanol breath tests that measure instantaneous blood alcohol levels) but an integration of past consumption over an approximately month-long window.
~ Plant synthesis ~
Cannabinoid production starts when an enzyme causes geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid to combine and form CBG. Next, CBG is independently converted to either CBD or CBC by two separate synthase enzymes. CBD is then enzymatically cyclized to THC. For the propyl homologues (THCV, CBDV and CBNV), there is a similar pathway that is based on CBGV. (recent studies show that THC is not cyclized from CBD but rather directly from CBG. no experiment thus far has turned up an enzyme that converts CBD into THC although it is still hypothesized.)
~ Separation ~
Cannabinoids can be separated from the plant by extraction with organic solvents. Hydrocarbons and alcohols are often used as solvents. However, these solvents are flammable and many are toxic. Butane may be used, which evaporates extremely quickly. Supercritical solvent extraction with carbon dioxide is an alternative technique. Although this process requires high pressures (73 atmospheres or more), there is minimal risk of fire or toxicity, solvent removal is simple and efficient, and extract quality can be well controlled. Once extracted, cannabinoid blends can be separated into individual components using wiped film vacuum distillation or other distillation techniques. However, to produce high-purity cannabinoids, chemical synthesis or semisynthesis is generally required.
~ History ~
Cannabinoids were first discovered in the 1940s, when CBD and CBN were identified. The structure of THC was first determined in 1964.
Due to molecular similarity and ease of synthetic conversion, CBD was originally believed to be a natural precursor to THC. However, it is now known that CBD and THC are produced independently in the cannabis plant from the precursor CBG.
~ Endocannabinoids ~
Endocannabinoids are substances produced from within the body that activate cannabinoid receptors. After the discovery of the first cannabinoid receptor in 1988, scientists began searching for an endogenous ligand for the receptor.
Anandamide, an endogenous ligand of CB1 and CB2
~ Types of endocannabinoid ligands ~
Arachidonoylethanolamine (Anandamide or AEA)
In 1992, in Raphael Mechoulam's lab, the first such compound was identified as arachidonoyl ethanolamine and named anandamide, a name derived from the Sanskrit word for bliss and -amide. Anandamide is derived from the essential fatty acid arachidonic acid. It has a pharmacology similar to THC, although its chemical structure is different. Anandamide binds to the central (CB1) and, to a lesser extent, peripheral (CB2) cannabinoid receptors, where it acts as a partial agonist. Anandamide is about as potent as THC at the CB1 receptor. Anandamide is found in nearly all tissues in a wide range of animals. Anandamide has also been found in plants, including small amounts in chocolate.
Two analogs of anandamide, 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoylethanolamide and homo-γ-linolenoylethanolamine, have similar pharmacology. All of these are members of a family of signalling lipids called N-acylethanolamines, which also includes the noncannabimimetic palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide, which possess anti-inflammatory and orexigenic effects, respectively. Many N-acylethanolamines have also been identified in plant seeds and in molluscs.
☯ 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG)
Another endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, binds to both the CB1 and CB2 receptors with similar affinity, acting as a full agonist at both. 2-AG is present at significantly higher concentrations in the brain than anandamide, and there is some controversy over whether 2-AG rather than anandamide is chiefly responsible for endocannabinoid signalling in vivo. In particular, one in vitro study suggests that 2-AG is capable of stimulating higher G-protein activation than anandamide, although the physiological implications of this finding are not yet known.
☯ 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether)
In 2001, a third, ether-type endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), was isolated from porcine brain. Prior to this discovery, it had been synthesized as a stable analog of 2-AG; indeed, some controversy remains over its classification as an endocannabinoid, as another group failed to detect the substance at "any appreciable amount" in the brains of several different mammalian species. It binds to the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (Ki = 21.2 nmol/L) and causes sedation, hypothermia, intestinal immobility, and mild antinociception in mice. It binds primarily to the CB1 receptor, and only weakly to the CB2 receptor.
☯ N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA)
Discovered in 2000, NADA preferentially binds to the CB1 receptor. Like anandamide, NADA is also an agonist for the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1), a member of the vanilloid receptor family.
☯ Virodhamine (OAE)
A fifth endocannabinoid, virodhamine, or O-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (OAE), was discovered in June 2002. Although it is a full agonist at CB2 and a partial agonist at CB1, it behaves as a CB1 antagonist in vivo. In rats, virodhamine was found to be present at comparable or slightly lower concentrations than anandamide in the brain, but 2- to 9-fold higher concentrations peripherally.
~ Function ~
Endocannabinoids serve as intercellular 'lipid messengers', signaling molecules that are released from one cell and activating the cannabinoid receptors present on other nearby cells. Although in this intercellular signaling role they are similar to the well-known monoamine neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine, endocannabinoids differ in numerous ways from them. For instance, they use retrograde signaling. Furthermore, endocannabinoids are lipophilic molecules that are not very soluble in water. They are not stored in vesicles, and exist as integral constituents of the membrane bilayers that make up cells. They are believed to be synthesized 'on-demand' rather than made and stored for later use. The mechanisms and enzymes underlying the biosynthesis of endocannabinoids remain elusive and continue to be an area of active research.
The endocannabinoid 2-AG has been found in bovine and human maternal milk.
~ Retrograde signal ~
Conventional neurotransmitters are released from a ‘presynaptic’ cell and activate appropriate receptors on a ‘postsynaptic’ cell, where presynaptic and postsynaptic designate the sending and receiving sides of a synapse, respectively. Endocannabinoids, on the other hand, are described as retrograde transmitters because they most commonly travel ‘backward’ against the usual synaptic transmitter flow. They are, in effect, released from the postsynaptic cell and act on the presynaptic cell, where the target receptors are densely concentrated on axonal terminals in the zones from which conventional neurotransmitters are released. Activation of cannabinoid receptors temporarily reduces the amount of conventional neurotransmitter released. This endocannabinoid mediated system permits the postsynaptic cell to control its own incoming synaptic traffic. The ultimate effect on the endocannabinoid-releasing cell depends on the nature of the conventional transmitter being controlled. For instance, when the release of the inhibitory transmitter GABA is reduced, the net effect is an increase in the excitability of the endocannabinoid-releasing cell. On the converse, when release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is reduced, the net effect is a decrease in the excitability of the endocannabinoid-releasing cell.
~ Range ~
Endocannabinoids are hydrophobic molecules. They cannot travel unaided for long distances in the aqueous medium surrounding the cells from which they are released, and therefore act locally on nearby target cells. Hence, although emanating diffusely from their source cells, they have much more restricted spheres of influence than do hormones, which can affect cells throughout the body.
~ U.S. Patent no. 6630507 ~
On October 7, 2003, a U.S. patent number 6630507 entitled "Cannabinoids as Antioxidants and Neuroprotectants" was awarded to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, based on research done at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). This patent claims that cannabinoids are "useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of wide variety of oxidation associated diseases such as ischemia, age-related, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. The cannabinoids are found to have particular application as neuroprotectants, for example in limiting neurological damage following ischemic insults, such as stroke and trauma, or in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and HIV dementia."
On November 17, 2011, in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 209(c)(1) and 37 CFR part 404.7(a)(1)(i), the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, published in the Federal Register, that it is contemplating the grant of an exclusive patent license to practice the invention embodied in U.S. Patent 6,630,507, entitled “Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants” and PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US99/08769 and foreign equivalents thereof, entitled “Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants” [HHS Ref. No. E-287-1997/2] to KannaLife Sciences Inc., which has offices in New York, U.S. This patent and its foreign counterparts have been assigned to the Government of the United States of America. The prospective exclusive license territory may be worldwide, and the field of use may be limited to: The development and sale of cannabinoid(s) and cannabidiol(s) based therapeutics as antioxidants and neuroprotectants for use and delivery in humans, for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, as claimed in the Licensed Patent Rights.
On June 12, 2012, KannaLife Sciences, Inc. signed an exclusive license agreement with National Institutes of Health – Office of Technology Transfer ("NIH-OTT") for the Commercialization of U.S. Patent 6,630,507, "Cannabinoids as Antioxidants and Neuroprotectants" (the "'507 Patent"). The '507 Patent includes among other things, claims directed to a method of treating diseases caused by oxidative stress by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that has substantially no binding to the NMDA receptor. Cannabinoids are any of a group of related compounds that include cannabinol and the active constituents of cannabis (marijuana).
~ Natural occurrence ~
Cannabis indica may have a CBD:THC ratio 4–5 times that of Cannabis sativa. Cannabis strains with relatively high CBD:THC ratios are less likely to induce anxiety than vice versa. This may be due to CBD's antagonistic effects at the cannabinoid receptors, compared to THC's partial agonist effect. CBD is also a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, which may also contribute to an anxiolytic effect. This likely means the high concentrations of CBD found in Cannabis indica mitigate the anxiogenic effect of THC significantly. The effects of sativa are well known for its cerebral high, hence used daytime as medical cannabis, while indica are well known for its sedative effects and preferred night time as medical cannabis. ]
>>> The Medicinal Chemistry of Agents Targeting the Endogenous Cannabinoid System : http://www.benthamdirect.org/pages/b_viewarticle.php?articleID=3147248
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